Free download tas books 2

You can follow the question or vote as helpful, but you cannot reply to this thread. I have the same question Report abuse. Details required :. Cancel Submit. Hi, With the issue description, I understand that you are experiencing issues in using TAS books program on your Windows 10 machine. High-top vans, which disabled people or transportation services often use, require higher clearances in parking garages than automobiles.

Ramps are essential for wheelchair users if elevators or lifts are not available to connect different levels. However, some people who use walking aids have difficulty with ramps and prefer stairs.

Ramp slopes between and are preferred. The ability to manage an incline is related to both its slope and its length. Wheelchair users with disabilities affecting their arms or with low stamina have serious difficulty using inclines. Most ambulatory people and most people who use wheelchairs can manage a slope of Many people cannot manage a slope of for 30 ft 9 m. Level landings are essential toward maintaining an aggregate slope that complies with these guidelines.

A ramp landing that is not level causes individuals using wheelchairs to tip backward or bottom out when the ramp is approached. The requirements for stair and ramp handrails in this guideline are for adults. When children are principal users in a building or facility, a second set of handrails at an appropriate height can assist them and aid in preventing accidents.

For mounting heights suitable in schools and other facilities used primarily by children see section 2. Only interior and exterior stairs connecting levels that are not connected by an elevator, ramp, or other accessible means of vertical access have to comply with 4.

The required door reopening device would hold the door open for 20 seconds if the doorway remains obstructed. After 20 seconds, the door may begin to close. This paragraph allows variation in the location of call buttons, advance time for warning signals, and the door-holding period used to meet the time requirement. Industry-wide standardization of elevator control panel design would make all elevators significantly more convenient for use by people with severe visual impairments.

In many cases, it will be possible to locate the highest control on elevator panels within 48 in mm from the floor. A special button may be provided that would activate the audible signal within the given elevator only for the desired trip, rather than maintaining the audible signal in constant operation.

A device that requires no handset is easier to use by people who have difficulty reaching. Also, small handles on handset compartment doors are not usable by people who have difficulty grasping. Ideally, emergency two-way communication systems should provide both voice and visual display intercommunication so that persons with hearing impairments and persons with vision impairments can receive information regarding the status of a rescue.

A voice intercommunication system cannot be the only means of communication because it is not accessible to people with speech and hearing impairments. While a voice intercommunication system is not required, at a minimum, the system should provide both an audio and visual indication that a rescue is on the way. Inclined stairway chairlifts, and inclined and vertical platform lifts wheelchair lifts are available for short-distance, vertical transportation of people with disabilities.

Care should be taken in selecting lifts as some lifts are not equally suitable for use by both wheelchair users and semi-ambulatory individuals. Consideration should be given to maximum dimensions shown in Figure A3 when selecting lifts. Windows intended to be operated by occupants in accessible spaces should comply with 4.

Windows requiring pushing, pulling, or lifting to open for example, double-hung, sliding, or casement and awning units without cranks should require no more than 5 lbf Locks, cranks, and other window hardware should comply with 4. Thresholds and surface height changes in doorways are particularly inconvenient for wheelchair users who also have low stamina or restrictions in arm movement because complex maneuvering is required to get over the level change while operating the door.

Some disabled persons must push against a door with their chair or walker to open it. Applied kickplates on doors with closers can reduce required maintenance by withstanding abuse from wheelchairs and canes. To be effective, they should cover the door width, less approximately 2 in 51 mm , up to a height of 16 in mm from its bottom edge and be centered across the width of the door. Closers with delayed action features give a person more time to maneuver through doorways. They are particularly useful on frequently used interior doors such as entrances to toilet rooms.

Although most people with disabilities can exert at least 5 lbf Although some people cannot manage the allowable forces in this guideline and many others have difficulty, door closers must have certain minimum closing forces to close doors satisfactorily.

Forces for pushing or pulling doors open are measured with a push-pull scale under the following conditions:. In high-rise buildings, air-pressure differentials may require a modification of this specification in order to meet the functional intent. Sliding automatic doors do not need guard rails and are more convenient for wheelchair users and visually impaired people to use.

If slowly opening automatic doors can be reactivated before their closing cycle is completed, they will be more convenient in busy doorways. Two drinking fountains, mounted side by side or on a single post, are usable by people with disabilities and people who find it difficult to bend over. Height preferences for toilet seats vary considerably among disabled people.

Higher seat heights may be an advantage to some ambulatory disabled people, but are often a disadvantage for wheelchair users and others. Toilet seats 18 in mm high seem to be a reasonable compromise.

Thick seats and filler rings are available to adapt standard fixtures to these requirements. A6 a and A6 b show the diagonal and side approaches most commonly used to transfer from a wheelchair to a water closet.

Some wheelchair users can transfer from the front of the toilet while others use a degree approach. Most people who use the two additional approaches can also use either the diagonal approach or the side approach.

Flush valves and related plumbing can be located behind walls or to the side of the toilet, or a toilet seat lid can be provided if plumbing fittings are directly behind the toilet seat. Such designs reduce the chance of injury and imbalance caused by leaning back against the fittings. Flush controls for tank-type toilets have a standardized mounting location on the left side of the tank facing the tank. Tanks can be obtained by special order with controls mounted on the right side.

If administrative authorities require flush controls for flush valves to be located in a position that conflicts with the location of the rear grab bar, then that bar may be split or shifted toward the wide side of the toilet area. This section requires use of the 60 in mm standard stall Figure 30 a and permits the 36 in mm or 48 in mm wide alternate stall Figure 30 b only in alterations where provision of the standard stall is technically infeasible or where local plumbing codes prohibit reduction in the number of fixtures.

A standard stall provides a clear space on one side of the water closet to enable persons who use wheelchairs to perform a side or diagonal transfer from the wheelchair to the water closet.

However, some persons with disabilities who use mobility aids such as walkers, canes or crutches are better able to use the two parallel grab bars in the 36 in mm wide alternate stall to achieve a standing position. In large toilet rooms, where six or more toilet stalls are provided, it is therefore required that a 36 in mm wide stall with parallel grab bars be provided in addition to the standard stall required in new construction.

The 36 in mm width is necessary to achieve proper use of the grab bars; wider stalls would position the grab bars too far apart to be easily used and narrower stalls would position the grab bars too close to the water closet. Since the stall is primarily intended for use by persons using canes, crutches and walkers, rather than wheelchairs, the length of the stall could be conventional.

The door, however, must swing outward to ensure a usable space for people who use crutches or walkers. The size of an accessible standard toilet stall may be increased to accommodate a lavatory or other accessible fixture if all applicable standards are satisfied.

To make it easier for wheelchair users to close toilet stall doors, doors can be provided with closers, spring hinges, or a pull bar mounted on the inside surface of the door near the hinge side. If mirrors are to be used by both ambulatory people and wheelchair users, then they must be at least 74 in mm high at their topmost edge.

A single full length mirror can accommodate all people, including children. Shower stalls that are 36 in by 36 in mm by mm wide provide additional safety to people who have difficulty maintaining balance because all grab bars and walls are within easy reach. Seated people use the walls of 36 in by 36 in mm by mm showers for back support.

Shower stalls that are 60 in mm wide and have no curb may increase usability of a bathroom by wheelchair users because the shower area provides additional maneuvering space. In many small facilities, single-user restrooms may be the only facilities provided for all building users. In addition, the guidelines allow the use of "unisex" or "family" accessible toilet rooms in alterations when technical infeasibility can be demonstrated. Experience has shown that the provision of accessible "unisex" or single-user restrooms is a reasonable way to provide access for wheelchair users and any attendants, especially when attendants are of the opposite sex.

Since these facilities have proven so useful, it is often considered advantageous to install a "unisex" toilet room in new facilities in addition to making the multi-stall restrooms accessible, especially in shopping malls, large auditoriums, and convention centers. Figure 28 section 4. The dotted lines designate the minimum clear floor space, depending on the direction of approach, required for wheelchair users to transfer onto the water closet.

The dimensions of 48 in mm and 60 in mm , respectively, correspond to the space required for the two common transfer approaches utilized by wheelchair users see Fig. It is important to keep in mind that the placement of the lavatory to the immediate side of the water closet will preclude the side approach transfer illustrated in Figure A6 b.

To accommodate the side transfer, the space adjacent to the water closet must remain clear of obstruction for 42 in mm from the centerline of the toilet Figure 28 and the lavatory must not be located within this clear space.

A turning circle or T-turn, the clear floor space at the lavatory, and maneuvering space at the door must be considered when determining the possible wall locations. A privacy latch or other accessible means of ensuring privacy during use should be provided at the door.

In new construction, accessible single-user restrooms may be desirable in some situations because they can accommodate a wide variety of building users. However, they cannot be used in lieu of making the multi-stall toilet rooms accessible as required. Where strict compliance to the guidelines for accessible toilet facilities is technically infeasible in the alteration of existing facilities, accessible "unisex" toilets are a reasonable alternative.

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